Mahamrityunjaya Mantra

8th-from = transformation

extramarital liaison

Bhava * Graha

Randhra Bhava-8

Randhra Bhava BPHS

"the weird"; covering, discovery, clouded, occluded, occult

Ayur * Mrityu * Niryana * Marana

Ruled by Mangala + Ketu

= 8th-from-any-lagna = 8th-from-Chandra

cycles of self-destruction and rebirth

Things, people, assets, relationships, and ideas which suddenly, unaccountably disappear (Ketu)

and then suddenly, forcefully reappear (Mangala)

mysterious movements

Discovery and Disguise -- Espionage

cycles of self-destruction + rebirth

destruction and re-creation ; eruption, explosion, excision, emergency

The Unseen but suspected; The Unheard but intuited; The Unknown but sensed

Sudden, Forced Changes of Form

Shock

Turning of the Wheel of Death and Rebirth

Cycles, Transformation , Catastrophe, Recycling , Hidden Wealth,

Cosmetic Surgery, Sorcery, Sex Change, Tantra, Transformation,

Death of Spouse, Wealth of the Dead (Inheritance), Truth suddenly revealed

Secret knowledge and the conditions of death

hidden treasure

Non-transparent, non-accountable activities

the tantrik sciences of penetration and effect of invisible forces (surgical medicine, homeopathy)

psychic demand for re-birth

Millennial cycles of death-and-rebirth , knowledge of transformative process, Healing

confidential information, secrets, destruction and rebirth

"The Cauldron"

Secrets, life-span, emergencies: undisclosed sexuality, circumstances of death, healing, death of spouse or unexpected divorce, inheritance, insurance, tantra, sudden forced changes, hidden things, mysteries , confidences

- Jalal al-Din Rumi (1207-1273)

translated by Coleman Barks

Unmarked Boxes

Don't grieve. Anything you lose comes round

in another form. The child weaned from mother's milk

now drinks wine and honey mixed.

God's joy moves from unmarked box to unmarked box,

from cell to cell. As rainwater, down into flower bed.

As roses, up from ground.

Now it looks like a plate of rice and fish,

now a cliff covered with vines,

now a horse being saddled.

It hides within these,

till one day it cracks them open

Part of the self leaves the body when we sleep

and changes shape. You might say, "Last night

I was a cypress tree, a small bed of tulips,

a field of grapevines." Then the phantasm goes away.

You're back in the room.

I don't want to make any one fearful.

Hear what's behind what I say.

Tatatumtum tatum tatadum.

There's the light gold of wheat in the sun

and the gold of bread made from that wheat.

I have neither. I'm only talking about them,

as a town in the desert looks up

at stars on a clear night.

Environments of bhava-8:

Ketu

graha in 8

L-8 in 12 bhava

randhra-8 death conditions

8th-from angles to 12 sthana

Randhra Bhava BPHS

8th from chandra

shad-ashtaka 6-8 angles bhava-8 portfolio

Vrischika lagna

• Things that cycle and recycle, menstrual cycles and engine cycles, the wheel of birth and death,

• hospital emergency, catastrophe,

• rooms in which confidential transactions occur:

• non-public money-change, "private banking", secret or 'classified' financial movements

• mineral mining and oil drilling, eruption or explosion of combustible materials e.g natural gas explosion; natural resource "discovery"

• money laundering, state secrets, espionage, midwifery,

• birthing centers, medical and psychic surgery, healing, scientific discovery of previously hidden information,

• yoga-tantra, magic, shamanism, sudden and forced events, spiritual revelation ,

• violent change; long-suppressed political revolution, natural disasters, upheaval, home invasion, explosives, and eruptions of previously hidden force.

• Secret crimes, "break-in", intrusion, invasion, implosion.

• Mathematical and philosophical: Fibonacci Number Series; algebra; reiterative, regenerative sequences; thesis-antithesis-synthesis models

BPHSCh. 11, Shloka 9

"Randhra Bhava indicates longevity, battle, enemies, forts, wealth of the dead, and things that have happened and are to happen (in the past and future births) and accidents."

Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it.

1. bhava-1
2. bhava-2
3. bhava-3
4. bhava-4
5. bhava-5
6. bhava-6
7. bhava-7
8. bhava-8
9. bhava-9
10. bhava-10
11. bhava-11
12. bhava-12

• Shock via L-8

• Father

• L-8 and Divorce

• Lotteries

• bhava-8: Yogas to Other Houses

• L-8 "double-whammy"periods for certain nativities

  Each bhava will be transformed by the bhava shad-ashtaka 6-8 fromit

• L-8 in the 12 Domains

• Dushthamsha Lords in Association with Randhra Bhava

• General Conditions of Death- by graha karaka

• Effects on Longevity and Circumstances of Death

• Conflict and Destruction: shad-ashtaka 6-8 angles

• Spiritual Emergence = Essence of bhava-8

• Self-Destruction - good and bad

  Dushthamsha lords in house-8 = good results

  ---

  Joint Assets : The Time, Money, and Creative Energy Invested in Partnership

  • Joint Assets in Divorce: Recovery of Investment

    Transformation of Assets

    Emotional Assistance or Interference in Disposition of Joint Assets

  Difficulties of adversarial Shani in the house of Mangala-Ketu

  • Social judgment

  • Longevity

    Elderly and Socially Established

Vaman Shivaram Apte, Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary,

http://aa2411s.aa.tufs.ac.jp/~tjun/sktdic/

randhra =

• Aperture

• Opening

• A hole

• A weak or vulnerable point

• A symbolical expression for the number 'nine' (there being nine openings in the human body)

• the vulva

• name of the 8th astrological mansion

• A mischief

• 32:25
• King James Version, c. 1611

shall destroy both the young man and the virgin,

the suckling also with the man of gray hairs."

Koeln Digital Sanskrit Dictionary

mrit =

• to decay , be dissolved

Ayus =

• life , vital power , vigour , health , duration of life , long life

• Active power , efficacy

• the totality of living beings

• Of the eighth lunar mansion

• food

Gospel of Matthew 10: 26-37

"So have no fear of them,

for nothing is covered that will not be revealed,

or hidden that will not be known.

What I tell you in the dark, say in the light,

and what you hear whispered, proclaim on the housetops.

Do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.

Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body."

8th-from any lagna=

• eruption of hidden forces, perhaps extremely violent.

• Think of the tantrik hunter, on perceptual high-alert, moving cautiously through the danger-infested jungle.

• There is massive hidden energy present. A predator or prey could burst forth from the foliage at any moment.

• The hunter could win (Kuja) a source of critically important nourishment - or he could be ripped to shreds and die a horrible death in the jaws of a man-killer.

• The outcome depends on his skillful awareness! 8th-from = emergencies. Onset of sudden, catastrophic change. Shock and trauma.

• Physically invasive trauma, attacks, surgery.

• Psychologically invasive trauma, intimidation, abuse.

• Childbirth.

• Hidden interior bodily conditions.

• Undiagnosable diseases Invasions which "open" the body through an aperture (randhra) to discover and correct the cause Sphincters most affected by 8th-from events: fontanelle (top of skull, mainly psychic), uterine cervix, throat, anus.

• Also the sphincters in the digestive system, including the pyloric and esophageal sphincters of the human stomach

• Includes invasive surgeries, body-opening accidents, childbirth which forces the opening of the cervix, and often the "opening" of psychotherapeutic inquiry.

• L-8 demands sudden change but result are often beneficial.

Das/Behari re: bhava-8

Planets occupying this house incline to an interest in Occult science ;

if without a planet, life runs on conventional lines till the ruler receives strong aspects."

Forward Movement

Vimshottari Periods of the L-8 may bring sudden and catastrophic changes of form: destruction of outdated identities, contact with the conditions of death, emergence of new levels of vitality, revitalization, and the blossoming of the seeds of rebirth.

Randhra Bhava is a swabhava of Mangala, co-ruled by Ketu.

bhava-8 and the lord of Randhra indicate one's capacity for energetic, vital rejuvenation and rebirth. In order to keep moving forward in life, one must periodically undergo cycles of radical (at the root) destruction of some attribute of the birth identity, followed by a reconstitution of the identity in a new form.

Throughout many cycles of destruction and rebirth within a lifetime and across the samsaric path of lifetimes, the soul identity remains exactly the same. What changes is the external container: fleshly appearance, marital and professional status, family attachments, material wealth, and understanding of truth.

• If the L-8 = strong, periods of L-8may generate an extremely volatile mood, during which one willingly enters dangerous situations, intending to make radical changes. The danger may be social, mental, spiritual, emotional, physical, financial, or other - according to the L-8characteristics. Items specifically under threat are those which are outdated, obsolete, or those which pose an undue obstacle to spiritual development .

• If the L-8= Shani(for Mithuna lagna and Karkata Lagna) the approach to radical change and reinvention of the self will be more conservative and lawful; if Mangala , more vigorous and competitive; if Rahu occupies 8, the transformative style may be downright reckless. Yet whatever the self-destructive style, whether emotional and yielding (Chandra) or brilliant and dramatic (Surya) the purpose of periods of L-8 is to destroy the veils of delusion which surround the core self, so that a deeper mystery may be revealed.

• Rahu in 8 "illicitly leaps upward" into secret powers via "break-in", destruction of closed containers (8),intervention, desire to obtain hidden information via illicit or poorly credentialed methods (Richard Nixon)

Like all things influenced by Mangala, matters of bhava-8 do frighten anti-change agent Shani. From Shani's perspective, the continuous destruction and rebuilding of randhra "the aperture" bhava is shockingly unstable socially, and seems to disregard all the material acquisitive human programming. However from an authentic spiritual perspective, Randhra Bhava is the great liberator, which shows a secret route out of the chronic repetition and fear-driven conformity of Shani and into the potential for New Life. Randhra stores the great mysteries of the grand cycles of life, in the form of an "open secret" that can be accessed by anyone who is scripted to push forward through the layers of safety and dread that Shani creates.

It should be noted however that as 12th-from-9th, bhava-8 drains the life force away from orthodox religion. A tantriki is usually no friend to the pujari and the prieSaint Tantriki work away from the temple, in secret. Rebirth, like birth, must be accomplished essentially alone. Nonetheless this "dushthamsha" while unsettling to fixed relationships (it indicates the forced identity changes of widowhood and divorce) provides the greatest opportunity for "breakthrough" knowledge in this life.

External circumstances are not what draw us into suffering. Suffering is caused and permitted by an untamed mind.

The appearance of self-defeating emotions in our minds leads us to faulty actions.

The naturally pure mind is covered over by these emotions and troubling conceptions. The force of their deceit pushes us into faulty actions, which leads inevitably to suffering.

We need, with great awareness and care, to extinguish these problematic attitudes, the way gathering clouds dissolve back into the sphere of the sky. When our self-defeating attitudes, emotions, and conceptions cease, so will the harmful actions arising from them.

As the great Tibetan yogi Milarepa says, "When arising, arising within space itself; when dissolving, dissolving back into space." We need to become familiar with the state of our own minds to understand how to dissolve ill-founded ideas and impulses back into the deeper sphere of reality. The sky was there before the clouds gathered, and it will be after they have gone. It is also present when the clouds seem to cover every inch of the sky we can see

8th-from = cycles

= Cycles of destruction and rebirth. The FORM of the essence of the house is systematically replaced. These cycles operate continuously during the lifetime.

Each bhava transforms the bhava that is shad-ashtaka 6-8 fromit

Sometimes these cycles are frighteningly catastrophic involving

• death of a spouse, widowhood

• reality suddenly revealed

• spouse's secret personality or secret activities (spouse = 1st; 8th-from-1st = secret spousal identity)

• emergency surgeries,

• violent and unexpected reactions to medicines

• sudden emergence of a hidden disease

• natural emergency such as earthquake, flood or fire

• sudden explosions (internal or external, such as heart attack), hemorrhages (stroke), volcanic eruptions

Most of the time, these catastrophic upheavals occur in a psychologically intensive but still non-life-threatening fashion, for example:

• sudden emergence of a new life

  e.g, childbirth

  • identity changethrough medical intervention, or ritual initiation, or living in a new country.

  • E.g., gender-change or PTSD, such as veteran or refugee of war.

  unexpected change in financial status, particularly changes involving the spouse's monies

  • (inheritance, taxes esp. joint taxes, insurance payments or settlements, bankruptcy, etc.)

  surprising emergence of previously hidden or confidential information

• sudden job loss,forced retirement

• sudden loss of one's home due to another forced change such as job-change or divorce/widowhood or unpaid taxes or bankruptcy

• sudden, forced divorce(when one is not the initiator of divorce and so divorce comes as a shock)

Shock via L-8

Vimshottari periods of L-8 generate the experience of "shock" due to the sudden and forceful emergence of a new identity.

• The shock may be centered in the spiritual body, in the mental body, in the emotional (astral) body, or in the physical body. Depending on the level of consciousness, response to the shock may engage the high emotions (compassion, empathy) or the low emotions (fear, anger). Ramifications of the shock in one energy-body layer will affect all the other layers.

• It is essential to appreciate that bhava-8 is the bhava of death and rebirth! The name "house of death" is misleading. Under the influence of randhra bhava, there is always a destruction of previous life-force container and rebirth of the life force (soul essence) into a new container.

• The nature of the shock can be characterized by the graha and its lordships, significations, and other qualities. Each recurrence of the period of the L-8 will be defined by the angle of the L-8 to the mahadasha pati.

• If the native is scheduled for a mahadasha of the L-8, the very first "double" bhukti is particularly distinguished by several emergencies. Also, the angle of the L-8 relative to Chandra lagna is very influential in determining one's emotional response to life path shocks.

• Ultimately there is nothing to be afraid of during periods of L-8. The experience is determined almost entirely by how one reacts to sudden, unpredicted emergence of previously hidden force.

Mangala = success via Active Movement

the native who can "roll with the punches" in a vital and vigorous style (Mangala) is positioned to enjoy surprising spiritual benefits consequent to the shocks.

• The "fruit" of 8 = 11th-from-8 = Ari bhava, bhava-6 = dissolution of agreement = mental social and physical argument = conflict.

• Very likely someone in the native 's life configuration, even if not the native oneself, will have a Shani-type reaction to the native 's sudden changes due to the resistance-ignorance in that individual's own karmic script.

Karaka "shocking" topics of bhava-8 triggered by the period of L-8

" Shock and Awe"

• There is tremendous excitement and confirmation of the Divine force at work for one who can acknowledge the glory of transformation-in-action.

No Shani (fixed Material Forms), No Cry

• the native who exhibits Shani-type reactions such as resistance to change, bitter resentment, or clinging to fixed ideas will have discomfort in matters of bhava-8.

• The stronger one's ego attachment to a fixed material form, the more disorienting is the shock.

• Whether the ego is inordinately attached to the form of the bodily appearance, the social rank such as gender role or marriage role, a fixed pattern of emotional expectations, or any variety of rigid, inflexible response to the manifestation of form (rupa) -- results of Shani-influenced resistance to change will be uncomfortable at the very leaSaint

• Occasionally, the result = severe physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual trauma.

Secret knowledge

• Secret relationships

• Inheritance

• Medical emergency and surgeries

L-8, "Discovery", and Divorce

8 = 2nd-from-7th = family of spouse, money of spouse, voice of the spouse, food of the spouse, face of the spouse, values of spouse, knowledge of spouse. Naturally, these matters are never fully known to the native .

Particularly in matters of "food of the spouse" , periods of L-8 "The Discoverer" may reveal "sources of value and nourishment" for the spouse in terms of a private relationship which could be unsettling.

2nd-from-7th is not a balanced place; it is an active house, alive with change and upheaval.

Should there be am unsettling secret in randhra bhava which is scheduled to be revealed in disharmonious circumstances+ L-8 periods therefore can potentially trigger a divorce.

Fruits of 8 = 11th-from-8 = bhava-6 = dissolution of agreement.

Hidden relationships:

L-8 does not necessarily signify hidden intrigue relationships of the spouse.

• Rather+ L-8 suggests secrecy and taboo behaviors on the part of the native .

• When the L-8 is benign, the manifestation of "secrecy" in periods of L-8 can be culturally interpreted as "keeping one's own counsel". One is simply less prone to expose one's own intentions during any era of L-8.

• If divorce is otherwise forecast due to 2nd-from behaviors of the spouse, the native 's own response may indeed be to pursue hidden liaisons which are tantrik, catastrophic, and transformative in nature.

Special note on Harsha Yoga:

if L-8 occupies bhava-6 or bhava-12 at birth, the native will have persistent experience of conflict with spousal handling of money, spousal voice and mouth, the in-laws, etc. Yet due to Harsha Yoga these irritations become beneficial during periods of L-8.

Joint Assets: The Time, Money, and Creative Energy Invested in Partnership

bhava-8 is the house of mysterious pooled assets. One invests money in a corporate stock or a government bond, but one cannot exactly know what financial fruit the investment will yield.

One invests in a marriage partner, with all good intentions at the wedding, but who on that blessed day can know the to-be-revealed financial and moral behaviors of the spouse?

Despite the careful negotiations of parents on both sides, what fresh bride or hopeful groom has a full understanding the family cultural values of the spouse's family? (2nd-from-7th = in-laws)

What mother in childbirth, gripped in the intense pain of labor, is certain of a healthy outcome for the birth? In fact, it is a highly complex situation and everyone involved is watching very carefully for surprises, even in the most controlled hospital setting.

These things are largely mysteries, and their outcome depends on conditions of the 8th house.

Over time, the investment each spouse makes into the marriage is contained in bhava-8 the "joint assets of marriage".

Is the spouse a strong contributor to the financial holding of the partnership?

• If yes, expect a strong graha in 8.

• Is the spouse a delayed or disturbed contributor?

• Shani with a difficult graha.

• Is the spouse loyal (values) and steadfast, whether wealthy or not?

• See the spouse's values, and the behavior of one's in-laws from the first marriage, in bhava-8.

Joint Assets in Divorce: Recovery of Investment

• In a divorce situation, particularly the first divorce (but the blueprint applies less vividly to the matter of joint-assets in all subsequent marriages as well)

• Will one be able to recover the value of years of time, money, and creative energy that was invested in the first-marriage partnership? If bhava-8 and its lord are strong and positive, the answer is yes.

Transformation of Assets

Recovery of investment may arrive in the form of a divorce settlement such as alimony or a property allocation from the joint assets of the partnership.

• The woman who selflessly worked to pay her spouse's tuition for medical school, only to be served with divorce papers after he is established in a profitable practice, may find (if her 8th domain is well-configured) that the value of her capital investment in the marriage has been "transformed" like everything in 8 - the house of sudden and forced changes.

• Alternatively (from my files): her children's college tuition may be paid by the ex-spouse by court order, or the ex-spouse must sell an art collection (2nd-from-7th, spousal collections) and the other half receives cash proceeds.

Typically, the property accrued in the marriage is split in some way and the ex-spouses receive some "transformed" value.

• The amount and the speed of disposition are indicated by L-8 and randhra bhava.

Emotional Assistance or Interference in Disposition of Joint Assets

Check 8th-from-Chandra to verify one's emotional expectations and reactive behaviors in regard to joint assets of marriage.

• If this bhava predicts a positive effect, one may emotionally assist the resolution and recovery process through a positive expectation of healing and renewal in relationships.

• If this bhava predicts a negative effect, one may interfere emotionally in grievance proceedings and damage the otherwise favorable outcomes predicted by the radix 8th conditions.

Shani as Lord or an empowered occupant of randhra bhava

• L-8 Shani is good but He is still Shani = success after lengthy procedure and considerable delay.

• One may experience reversal of a negative tax judgment which favorably declares that the spouse knew nothing of the tax-misdeeds of the married partner. Or, with difficult graha in 8, the spousal deception can continue and one will not regain the value of the investment. It may be time to accept and move on.

Surprise and shock: money

A profound change in social identity may result from sudden change in the size of the hoard.

• Sources of such a shocking, un-anticipated influx of available resources include lineage financial inheritance, winning of lotteries and games, and sudden increase in the wealth of the spouse

• Games of Chance-- whether a spin on a casino gambling machine or a political elections campaign or prizes for performance or literary accomplishments = bhava-5, the house of creative, speculative intelligence.

• The wealth of others = bhava-8 = assets of the partner, hidden money, inheritance.

• Sudden winnings from speculation (gambling) = bhava-5 combined with bhava-8.

If bhava-5 is strong while bhava-8 is weak:

• lotteries, gambling dice, card games, etc. may be won and the native is generally lucky in games, but the winnings will be quickly spent, not held for long enough for the native to e.g. purchase a higher-status home, or fund a generation of college tuitions.

• On the easier side, one's children will not be caught up in one's own internal cycles of change. For example if one experiences a traumatic divorce, the children (esp. the first child) can be expected to weather that storm in good standing and be relatively less impacted by the suddenness of the changes.

If bhava-8 is strong while bhava-5 is weak,

the native will experience many profound and perhaps shocking changes in the periods of the L-8, but few of those changes will involve sudden winnings from games, nor will the changes unduly involve one's children.

If bhava-8 and bhava-5 are both strong and related in the nativity,

• Inheritances and winnings are both favored, the native will retain the winnings-wealth for longer periods of time, and the native may experience numerous fluctuations in social identity thereby.

• The children or the products of one's inherent creativity (e.g., authorship of literary and artistic works) will be involved in the grand drama of identity change; for example, should the native win or inherit a surprisingly large hoard of wealth, the children's identities will be significantly affected too. Normally this means that the children are raised in a home where the story of the sudden change in wealth is part of the family culture.

Open-close functions - including "sudden" open-close and "gradual" open-close.

The perception of suddenness occurs when the native is unprepared or unguided during the event.

The perception of sudden or shocking transformation may be converted into the perception of knowledgeable observance of the changes. This perceptual conversion is available through many varieties of tantric education.

Tantra

Tantra is the practice of perceptual transformation. Tantric education includes training in emergency medicine, trauma response, forensic science, midwifery, psychiatry, and tantrik healing, inter alia. There are also many other disciplines that specialize in tracking the movement of energy from One material forminto Another material form.

there are many ways to manage human response to the turning of the wheel of birth and death. Matters of bhava-8 are inherently hidden from public view, but matters of bhava-8 are not inherently dangerous or frightening.

the proper perspective on matters of bhava-8 is focused awareness and cautious intervention from a foundation of both instinct and skill.

Self-Destruction - good and bad

Everyone has a "self-destructive" urge to action (Mangala). This desire for annihilation and rebirth is represented by bhava-8, randhra bhava.

Whether the results of Randhra's "emergency" behavior are positive or negative in the lifetime, or whether the behavior is judged as positive or negative within one's culture of origin, depends on the characteristics of the house.

he urge to self-destruction may manifest as a cycle of religious initiations that are consciously intended to destroy outdated layers of the ego-personality (8th-from-1st) and replace old structures with new identity. bhava-8 is the sthana of initiation and rebirth.

If the graha in occupation and also the bhava pati are well-disposed, the native may enjoy a lifetime of tantric initiations which result in magnificent liberation from material attachments. the native may be judged a failure by those lacking eyes to see the value of such a profoundly transformative process. However for the native who does not cling to the past and who embraces the prospect of total destruction as the only possible condition of total rebirth, bhava-8 is a site of shocking transformation leading to magical empowerment.

bhava-8 is co-ruled by Ketu and Mangala. This pair work reasonably well together: Ketu is the detacher and the distancer; while Mangala is the aggressive destroyer. They are agents of Lord Shiva's campaign to annihilate old worlds and create new worlds with every cycle of breath. One who is able to understand and appreciate this process may engage in a state of constant uncertainty and ongoing emergency in order to maximize the experience of "looking into Shiva's mouth" - where matters of birth and death, pain and pleasure, creation and destruction, exist in complete harmony and equality.

In "Shiva's Mouth" there is no boundary between right and wrong nor between happiness and unhappiness. Few humans can tolerate the constant challenge to one's natural acquisitive tendencies which is represented by Randhra Bhava, but for those who can comprehend even a part of this "mystery" there is much value in the occurrences of sudden and catastrophic change which are enforced by periods of the planetary lord of Mrityu.

Less desirable effects occur when the L-8 finds it way into a problematic angle. When the L-8 arises in bhava-6, the house of drug addictions, the native 's response to catastrophic change or the threat of it will manifest in self-destructive self-medication or conflict-ridden altercations with others.

the native tends to get locked into long-term self-destructive conflict, particularly in marriage and contractual relationships, where the energy of Big Wheel Turning bring no resolution (nothing in bhava-6 will resolve within the currently lifetime!) but simply churns and churns. the native 's inner narrative says that one is "putting some strong energy [L-8] into crafting agreements" while in fact the core eighth-house energy is dedicated to destruction and rebirth - conflicts are destroyed through force and then reborn quickly!

By contrast, a good situation may be predicted when the L-6, an agent of disagreement and imbalance, moves into Ayur bhava. Any graha which occupies bhava-8 will get caught in the relentless cycle of destruction-and-rebirth driven by Mangala and Ketu. The L-6 carries an agenda of debt, addiction, exploitation, and conflict which is quickly pulverized by the crushing Wheel of transformation, and the native can be predicted to live largely debt-free, unable to maintain grudges or long-lasting conflicts, free of harassment from police or military oppression, of generally good health, and no serious enemies. L-6 in 8th house is an indicator of "health, wealth and stealth".

Similarly+ L-8 in bhava-12 churns up the imagination, fills the mind full of fantasies of terrifying destruction, and creates a constant threat of marital infidelity due to the inner urge to put some strong energy [L-8 ruled by Kuja is very sexual] into "private" relationships that are inherently adversarial to socially contracted marriage (bhava-12 = 6th-from-7th). the native interior imagery may wildly exagerate the terrible consequences of cyclic, advancing change.

Dreams are disturbed by imagery of rapid destruction and re-creation. the native may die a restless death. [Example = Angelina Jolie. Her L-8 = Shani which is less dramatic, more constrained by duty.]

By contrast+ L-12 in bhava-8 is a good thing. The listless, physically dissolving, swinging-bridge of vyaya bhava that conveys life-force energy away from the physical plane and moves it to the astral plane, is destroyed-and-rebuilt a thousand million times when L-12 enters Mrityu bhava. the native 's creative imagination is harnessed to the service of world transformation, and one may become involved in international (12) change (8) movements. "Backwash" outflow of the physical energy into the astral plane is stopped although not reversed; instead, the imagery of the subconscious mind (12) is directed toward energizing the tantric and magical life processes. Directed by spirit guides, one becomes imaginatively engaged in numerous initiations. [ Steve Jobs, om Cruise]

he graha must indeed be of good quality for such a nativity to yield mastery of the tantric disciplines (for example, the guides can be improperly motivated if the lord is corrupt). Nevertheless, the overall benefit of converting L-12's dissolving tendencies into fuel for the sudden-change engine is that the physical vitality increases, and extra-marital impulse is much reduced (not entirely reversed, but largely directed into secret initiations.)

Whichever graha occupy bhava-8 become fuel for the Kuja-Ketu magical-transformation engine of hidden and secret tantric processes in the human consciousness. Will the native become a victim of this process or an instigator of it? A long-lived and wise magician, or a tragic childhood death? A brilliant surgeon or psychiatrist? An attorney of wills and estates? Or a sorcerer, caster of curses, agent of superstitious fear and petty control? Will "self-destructive" urges be recognized as healing transformations, or will the native and-or his culture adjudge such behaviors to be undesirable?

Answers to these queries will be found in the character of any graha in occupation of Mrityusthana and in the placement of the notorious L-8.

See L-8 in the 12 Domains.

Shani in Ayur bhava: Difficulties of adversarial Shani in the house of Mangala-Ketu

One graha who is naturally unwelcome in bhava-8 is the natural adversary of both Ketu and Mangala: the lord of "anti-change" Shani. The portfolio of Shanaiscarya includes all activities of resistance to change, such as retardation, restriction, containment, fixation, laws, orderly processes and protocols, caution, conservation, and the "finality" of death.

There is of course nothing "final" about physical death, which is simply a phase of transformation of identity as the native 's consciousness disconnects from the physical body and reattaches itself to a more active affiliation with the astral body (soul). The turning of the cycle of life and death is endless.

When Shani occupies bhava-8 there is great resistance to death, a fear of the turning of the cycle, and thus the native is prevented from getting out of bondage of attachment to the physical body for an extended period of time. Shani in bhava-8lengthens the physical lifetime. Typical cause of death is "old age".

Shani in Ayur bhava: Social judgment

Shani = karakatwa for "society" which is the expression of what Carl Jung called the "collective unconscious".

• Society, collections of individuals organized into groups, is inherently lawful, and the amorphous entity called "society" has a mandate to maximize survival through stability, physical security, safety, longevity;

• and these are in turn maximized through conformity of the social order.

Kuja the warrior and Surya the king represent the individual whereas Shani represents society, the law, and the group.

• the native will be extremely cautious and fearful of change throughout life.

• There may be Anxiety and worry about the slightest disruption to routine.

• In character such a native is judgmental and intolerant of individual intelligence

• but this surface grumpiness is merely an expression of the deepest inner terror of change and death.

• Mangala's drishti upon bhava-8 when Shani occupies randhra bhava creates a deep and permanent anxiety over the threat of a violent death.

Shani in Ayur (age) bhava: Resistance to Death = Longevity

When evaluating a nativity with Shani in bhava-8, it may be tempting to happily proclaim "ah, here is Shani in Mrityusthana, you will have a long life!" as if that were some variety of great benefit to the native . It is not.

• bhava-8 is a hostile territory for Shani.

• the native will work hard to fend off death, getting locked into a work routine or other psychological denial pattern, unable to relax into the wave pattern of birth and death.

Resistance to childbirth, fear of new life

Women with Shani in bhava-8may have a terror of childbirth with its pain, transformation, and emergence of new life. A woman will never be the same after childbirth.

• Although most women embrace the transformation, the female with Shani in bhava-8may express such profound resistance to catastrophic change that one feels unable to conceive a child.

• If other fertility issues are present in the nativity, Shani in Ayur bhava shows resistance to new life, and this can be the "nail in the coffin" which creates childlessness for a woman.

• She may experience extreme frustration in this situation, unable to acknowledge her own resistance, because what she perceives in her own fear-restricted consciousness is a desire to conform to social expectations as the best route toward achieving the highest levels of social safety and material security.

Shani in Ayur bhava: Elderly and Socially Established,

the native prefers the company of the elderly and those with established social position, not due to snobbery, but because these companions pose no threat to Shani's carefully constructed defensive walls against sudden and unmanageable change.

• the native may also prefer a salaried job (8th = 11th from 10th) with large, putatively stable, social organizations such as large corporations, government-military, or worldwide church. Entrepreneurial instincts with their inherent instability to do appeal to this native.

• Shani in bhava-8generally does not generally indicate a happy life, but simply a long one, dominated by fear of change, and deprivation of access to the fruits of healing transformation.

• the native is characteristically "stuck" in a pattern of clinging to the past (Shani) and unable to enjoy the refreshment of cyclic healing and change.

Body Parts

• sphincters and valves in the human body

  • includes the 40+ voluntary Andinvoluntary muscle sphinctersof the human body, in the eyes, mouth, stomach, urethra, and anus.

  • includes the heart-valve and vein-valve systems

  culturally "secret places" in the body (what is "secret" varies by local custom) and the fearful excitement of opening the secret places

• pelvic cavity, uterine cervix

• internal or "hidden" parts of the genital-reproductive system

• parts of the body which are accessible only via invasive surgery

• dangerous allergies, catastrophic response to hidden toxins, sudden exposure to hazardous environments

• mysterious medical pathologies or un-diagnosed diseases

• 2nd-from-7th = eyes, mouth, teeth, jaw, face, or hair of the spouse

Opening the Dragon Gate. (1998). Chen Kaiguo, Zheng Shunchao, Thomas F. Cleary; Tuttle Pub.

Madhya Parashari, Ch. 9 , Shloka 8

"From the eighth house, know about private parts and their diseases, longevity, etc."

How to read the L-8:

B. V. Raman, A Catechism of Astrology, p. 91

"The lord of 8, wherever he stands or whatever he aspects, destroys the effect of the house He occupies or the planet He aspects.

• If the lord of 8 is strong, the good effects of the planet as such (without reference to the houses where it is posited or aspects) will come to pass in its Dasa and Bhukthi periods.

• If the lord of 8 is weak, none of the good effects will be felt. Only bad results will be felt.

... If the lord of 8 is strong and occupies a dushthamshaevil effects will be greater.

In this way, read the effects of the lord of 3, 6, 8, and 12."

• Randhra = "aperture" or opening.

• The eighth house provides an opening onto mysteries of the "secret" or unseen. (they are see-able however via the psychic third eye)

• Graha in randhra bhava, and the L-8 from lagna and Chandra, follow a cycle of self-destruction and self-rebuild.

"Randhra" or how he/she Opens , is seen via:

• 8th house from radix lagna

• 8th house from Chandra

• 8th house from Saturn (Shani is karaka of 8th house)

The astrological picture of hidden matters, conditions of death, and healing powers is expanded by noting:

1. radix lord of 8th-from-lagna

2. radix lord of 8th-from-Chandra

3. karakas: Mangala and Ketu

4. 8th-from-8th, or Sahaja bhava

5. radix (D-1) planets in the 8th rashi = Vrischika (Scorpio)

6. navamsha rashi of the lord of radix L-8

7. 8th from Mangala

8. 8th from Ketu

Longevity

bhava-8 and L-8 indicate longevity. They indicate the circumstances of death, but not the timing of death.

(Timing of death is known by the periods of L-2 and L-7 from lagna. )

Lagna ("line") can be the lagna for any person, e.g.,

• lagna for younger sibling = house-3;

• lagna for mother = house containing Chandra;

• lagna for oneself is generally the rashi lagna of radix

A few longevity rules:

• if L-8 is weak, longevity is harmed; if L-8 is strong, longevity is helped

• L-8 in house-8gives exceptional longevity

• Shani = the karaka for persistence and old age; in randhra bhava, Shani gives long life

• benefics in house-8 do not improve longevity unless L-8 is strong

• however benefics in house-8 do signify pleasant conditions for death

• if L-8 or house-8 receives unfavorable aspects, longevity is harmed

• if L-8 or house-8 receives favorable aspects, longevity is helped

Dushthamsha lords in bhava-8 = Viparita Raja Yoga

• when any house lord occupies randhra bhava, the matters of that lord's house are "apparently destroyed" (= undergo a hidden transformation)

• for those who have eyes to see, the matter is radically transformed due to a sudden turn of the cycle of birth and death. (Nothing is really lost, although the essence of the matter does acquire a new shape after the transformation.)

It is always good therefore when dushthamsha lords occupy house-8

• L-6 in house-8 = Harsha Yoga = destroys enemies, debts, and disease

• L-12 in house-8 =Vimala Yoga = destroys losses, including loss of identity -- gives a strong identity!

• L-3 in house-12 can indicate a clairsentient message-transmitter who communicates with spirits of those who no longer possess flesh-bodies.

• L-3 in 8 can help writers who produce murder mysteries, and those who administer the bureaucracies of death; Excellent for attorneys handling wills and estates. Also good for writers who specialize in subject-matter of hidden cycles and regeneration.

• L-8 in house-8 while not a Viparita Raja Yoga is a creator of New Foundations via Good Luck and Divine Intelligence (4th-from-5th) L-8 in 8 is a strong position, and it brings forward hidden legacies of knowledge, money, and matters of the face (eyes, hair, mouth, voice etc.).

• (Exalted benefics in house-8 bring large alimony, inheritances, and insurance settlements.)

Transformation/Destruction

bhava-8 represents the core life process of destruction and reconstitution. his is a level of consciousness to which few are invited and even fewer attend.

bhava-8 rules dramatic moments of the turning of the wheel of birth and death. In these moments, one life-force container isdestroyedand the life force moves - by nature or through tantric controlled direction - into the next container or form.

The "emerging" of the life force - caught in the moment between leaving its old container and entering its new form, is the essence of bhava-8.

When any graha occupies randhra sthana, the matters of his house are apparentlydestroyed. Actually, the matters of the house are Transformed, but unless we observe the entire cycle it certainly looks like destruction. he destructive force of house-8 can be a very good thing if a dushthamsha lord occupies house-8, where the negative effects of the dushthamsha lord do get ruined. In general, "bad planets in bad houses give good results".

For example, when L-6 poverty, debt, conflict, disease] in house-8 = all those nasty things are destroyed.

Barring other restrictions, the native may become very wealthy, because debt is destroyed. Their health is generally quite good, because the disease lord is annihilated in house-8.

Similarly, their relationships will tend to be balanced and tolerant, even without good planets in house-7, because the conflict and animosity lord has been transformed into a healing agent. There is little contact with police and their tax situation is very favorable.

L-12 in house-8 similarly is beneficial. L-12 gives "losses on good account" such as charitable donations, time spent meditating and not earning money, spiritual pilgrimages which deplete the native 's social and financial resources, alienation, excess of imagination such as "living in one's head".

L-12 in randhra bhava = L-12 in 9th-from-swakshetra, which brings good dharma.

the native is not harmed by long journeys, but rather his/her career and social standing are advanced through contact with exotic lands and foreign religions. Meditation time bears financial fruit - often because the native learns thereby psychic skills for creating wealth through imagination, rather than through material effort. (House-8 is the seat of Tantra.) L-12 ruling "loss of ego" normally depletes the native 's "cultural capital" by causing him to live as an alien in foreign lands, where his appearance is unattractive and his habits misunderstood.

However with L-12 in house-8, native's long journeys enhance his identity in his homeland and raise his esteem in foreign lands. S/he will often with this yoga return as a traveler to ancient lands where s/he had been in the priesthood, in past lives. Good fortune through foreign things. Auspicious houses are deeply damaged when their lord occupies a dushthamsha.

L-7-in-house-8 is famous for destroying the life of the spouse. It may cause death or divorce (psycho-emotional death) but this situation is always perilous for marriage, and usually signifies remarriage after great effort expended in the first marriage - to no avail.

L-10 in house-8 can be gainful because randhrastana is 11th-from-10th, but the career will lack prestige and the native will suffer repeated cycles of transformative destruction in their work. (Excellent position for all healers: surgeons, psychiatrists/psychologists, archeologists, massage therapists, etc.)

L-1 in house-8is rather dangerous, reducing longevity and causing affiliation with emergency scenes. The physical body undergoes constant and vigorous cycles of destructive-constructive transformation and rebirth. Physical appearance has attributes of several ethnicities or the person is psycho-emotionally allied with conflicting, unresolved cultural messages. The cultural identity is very difficult to establish firmly; being constantly reinterpreted and redefined. This is frequently a birth in tribal or cultural peoples who are being redefined in their greater society. the native becomes a bridge for his people, although his own identity is permanently unstable. Can be a brilliant healer but is often "used up" in the cultural transition process.

Periods of L-8 = shock and trauma, forced initiation; a rapidly destructive-creative process; usually an experience of death recycle rebirth which does not require destroying the body, but after a certain number of cycle-spins the physical form will be destroyed to create a new birth

Hidden Truths of the Cycle of Birth and Death

The eighth radix house contains a vast amount of "hidden" information regarding the timing of the cycle of birth and death.

Randhra is a quintessentially Tantrik (secret book) house.

Randhra contains the profile of one's Taboo activities and Healing powers of all kinds, but especially Sexual healing. It is a dangerous, unpredictable, exciting, and mysterious location on the astral plane which produces massive subconscious currents - both personal and collective - that periodically rise to the surface.

Hiding Behaviors

Graha in bhava-8 signify hiding and secrets. The core image of randhra bhava is the tantrik hunter, moving cautiously through the thick forest, alert to hidden energies which may suddenly emerge at any moment. The outcome of the hunter's awareness could lead to a successful capture, or it could protect one from surprise attack. In any case, graha in bhava-8 must pay profound attention to the Unseen.

Graha in bhava-8 either hide things, or are hidden, or both.

Mysterious and Undiagnosable Diseases - Chaos and Recovery

Periods of L-8 can induces mysterious diseasesor ill-health conditions, which are very difficult to diagnose. Often the condition is "life threatening" -- yet within the period of L-8 the native recovers. For the duration of the period of L-8, the native experiences sudden body changes running Out of control. he body changes may be subtle or dramatic overall but there are always some dramatic peaks.ypically, no medical or psychological intervention succeeds in curing the problem.However the condition will be healed during the period of L-8.

Periods of L-8cause a turning of the cycle of birth and death. he result on the material plane is a temporary physicalweakening due to the deep changes which are happening in the more subtle levels or origination (causal, astral, etheric etc.) during this time. After a life-threatening illness or accident which has been suddenly healed, the native may comprehend that in some sense one has died and been reborn.

"The Job Interview"

A mathematician, an accountant and an economist apply for the same job. The interviewer calls in the mathematician and asks "What do two plus two equal?"

The mathematician replies "Four."

The interviewer asks "Four, exactly?"

The mathematician looks at the interviewer incredulously and says "Yes, four, exactly."

Then the interviewer calls in the accountant and asks the same question: "What do two plus two equal?"

The accountant says, "On average, four -- give or take 10%, but, on average, four."

Then the interviewer calls in the economist and poses the same question: "What do two plus two equal?"

The economist gets up, locks the door, closes the shade, sits down next to the interviewer, and says, "What do you want it to equal?"

Recovery = "New Lease on Life"

Sometimes this initiation-transformation experience is entirely psychological (depending on the ruling graha).

More frequently, the experience is specifically physical, and one has the sense of a "narrow escape" from death or a "new lease on life" after a catastrophic upheaval of body, mind, and spirit.

Death of Spouse and Divorce

L-8 is a timing agent for death of the spouseand/or divorce. (The variety of divorce wherein the spouse is effectively if not physically dead.)

In the case of death or divorce of the spouse, the mandate for profound change in all of the interconnected particulate levels of being will begin quite high up in the chain of events, with divorce occurring as a trickle-down effect.

During periods of L-8, all levels of being need to be transformed. If cataclysmic movementis required at the social level, death of spouse or divorce may occur as a form of extreme disruption of the habitual psycho-social behaviors.

Naturally there are physical consequences following this upstream disruption,including emotional chaosand associated illnesses. Also if the process is successful one may feel reborn. After an L-8 period of near annihilation, the native slowly regains control of the physical body. The outcome = a different and more subtle attunement to spiritual awareness. he nature of the conditions of near-death or severe and mysterious illness or accident will be found in the characteristics of L-8. Accident is more likely if Rahu is involved.

Special L-8 effects for Thula lagna and Mesha lagna

For Thula lagnaand Mesha lagna+ L-8 = lagnesha.

For Thula and Mesha nativities, periods of the L-8 often provide surprising"initiation"experiences which require the breakdownof some rigid, outdated habit structures in the physical body in order to permit flow of higher energies from above.

Certain when the period of L-8 is either the first bhukti of a mahadasha, or the final Vimshottari period of a mahadasha, the "sudden, forced change" pattern is more vivid.

• For Thula, Shukra/Shukraperiod and Surya/Shukra period may involve significant illness, surgery, or other method of making changes to the body.

• For Mesha lagna, periods of Kuja/Kuja And Rahu/Kujaare prone to serious accidents and other sudden changes for the body. Results of Rahu/Kuja depend on character of Rahu.

The illness or sustained debility or accidental violence (particularly for Mesha lagna) may be quite frighteningdue to its shocking severity or mysterious nature.

However these initiation-transformations last only for the duration of the period of L-8. They should be understood as "sudden, forced change" in the structure of the physical form which is necessary to facilitate the flow of kundalini energy from higher particulate levels.

Emergencies Physical, Mental, Emotional, and Spiritual

Randhra profiles the emergence of subconsciously stored reactive patterns. As such it is the house of Emergencies.

Physical "emergence" such as birth is a specialty of Randhra. We see the great midwives, surgeons, emergency physicians, paramedics, triage nurses, etc. all displaying strength in Randhra Bhava. (Usually also with an empowered Kuja.)

Mental and emotional emergence is here, as are the great psychiatrists, charismatic healers, and a multitude of therapists. Spiritual emergence in particular is the most fascinating "peak" content of Randhra bhava. Here we find the great Tantric practitioners,

Magicians, shamana, and spirit channelers are primarily found in connection with vyayabhava.

Spiritual Emergence = Essence of bhava-8

H. H. Dalai Lama

• The Dalai Lama's Book of Awakening

"If we accept that liberation is possible, how exactly is it to be understood?

In the scriptures, liberation is characterized in terms of four features.

1. The first feature describes it as the true cessation of the continuum of afflictions.

2. According to the second feature, liberation is true peace, the state of total tranquility where the individual has attained complete freedom from all defilements of the mind.

3. It is described in the third feature as totally satisfying, because one has reached ultimate satisfaction.

4. Fourth, it is described as definite emergence, in the sense that one has definitely emerged from the process of unenlightened existence."

Stock market fluctuations, Taxes, other unpredictable cyclical financials = Sacrificial Transformation

Taxes

• Although the primitive, "me first" elements of the personality (Mesha) unfortunately can't see this truth, tithing and taxes are actually a powerful transformative device which propels the engine of forward movement(Mangala) in life.

• However like everything associated with bhava-8, taxes are a "sacrifice": they take away something inorder to provide an upgraded version of that same something, in the next iteration of the cycle.

• Taxes are part of a financial cycle. Taxes eradicate aportion of one's previousmaterial holdings *so that new* holdings may subsequently enter the life.

• It is quite foolish to resist paying taxes and it is quite helpful to tithe toward acharitable interest.It nourishes the transformative energy stores to tithe in addition to one's regular payment of government taxes.

• Shani in 8 gives the greatest resistance to paying taxes. Shani in 8 also = reduced contributions of wealth into the joint assets of marriage and business partnership, from the partner, the spouse or the in-laws. the native with Shani-8 often does not see this cause-effect relationship, but it is the resistance to making somewhat unpredictable but cyclicalpayments at the time when these payments arise, which prevents the later enjoyment of sudden, uplifting infusions of capital from previously undetected (8) sources.

• With Shani in 8, the life is long with very little financial help from others due to a core ignorance (Shani, not-knowing) about the ulterior spiritual purpose of taxes. Tax payments can be a vehicle of liberation but naturally that insight is not available to those with a strictly material understanding of reality.

• Mithuna lagna and Karkata lagna also have a certain built-in karmic resistance to paying taxes, due to Shani = L-8 for these nativities. Neechcha Guru-Makara in 8 is often associated with an illegal or illicit expansion of the spouse's wealth due to some tax-resistance scheme, which scheme is likely to fail during periods of the L-8 Shani who re-imposes the human law.

Stock market

• the great oceanic currents of what Jung called the collective unconscious, influence group expectations and group emotional reactions.

• Stock market and other financial market fluctuations which have a regenerative or forced-change of identity, are a result of randhra bhava.

• A person will do well in large-scale market investments when their 8th lord is well placed and aspected; when their 5th lord is well-placed and well-aspected; and, ideally, if these two lords enjoy the parivartamsha yoga.

• Taxes similarly are unpredictable from year to year, since they depend on fluctuations in the greater economy, actions of legislative bodies, and other group consciousness and subconscious reactivity.

Matthew 22:15-22 (New International Version )

"Then the Pharisees went out and laid plans to trap him in his words.

They sent their disciples to him along with the Herodians.

• Rabbi, they said, we know that you are a man of integrity

• and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.

• You aren't swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are.

• Tell us then, what is your opinion?

• Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar or not?

But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said,

• You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me?

• Show me the coin used for paying the tax.

They brought him a denarius, 20 and he asked them,

• Whose image is this?

• And whose inscription?

Caesar's, they replied.

Then he said to them,

• So give back to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's.

When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away. "

Wealth of first spouse

2nd-from any house also indicates the "dhana" or wealth of that house. 2nd-from-7th profiles the wealth of the first spouse.

• Similarly, 2nd-from-2nd Or Sahaja Bhava indicates wealth of the second spouse.

• 2nd-from-9thor karmaa bhava shows wealth of the third spouse.

• Etc.

Difficulties in world travels

esp loss of identity, loss of religious orthodoxy, loss of professorship or priestly credentials

Long, global journeys "for philosophically educational purposes" are profiled in dharma bhava. As 12th-from-9th, Randhra bhava displays the dissolution of ego attachment, tendency to wander, under-the-table dealings, and other loss of connections with the healthy material world which are the characteristics of the 12th house.

• If one is planning a world-travel event = travel but not permanent residence in global lands= be sure to evaluate the role of the 8th lord during the time period of of travels.

• Bhukti of the 8th lord +h a transit of the 8th lord through the 9th house, or transit of 8th lord to the position of the 9th lord, would be highly unfavorable indicators, particularly if the goal of your journey = material gain.

If one's long journey is authentically spiritual pilgrimage, during which you are consciously soliciting experiences of detachment and ego-dissolution, one might discover some hidden spiritual benefits to such difficulties as one may encounter on one's travels.

In such a case where overtly spiritual objectives dominate the journey, a conscious person might willingly undertake Tapasya(austerities) in order to burn off karma of past mistakes.

As always in Jyotisha, there is no inherently good or bad situation. The key to happiness is correct motivation.

Maternal great grandfather and paternal great grandmother

The Seen, the Inferred, and the Hidden

Consciousness at the Crossroads: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on Brain Science and Buddhism edited by Zara Houshmand, Robert B. Livingston, and B. Alan Wallace

"In Buddhism we speak of three types of phenomena: First, there are evident phenomena that are perceived directly.

Second, there are slightly hidden phenomena, which are not accessible to immediate perception. There are differences of opinion on this even within Buddhist philosophy. Generally speaking, we think this second type of phenomena can be known indirectly by inference.

• One example of something known by inference is that anything arising in dependence upon causes and conditions is itself subject to disintegration and momentary change.

• This momentary change is not immediately evident to your senses.

• You can look at something with your eyes, and it does not appear to be changing right now, but by inference you can know that it is momentarily changing.

• This is an example of the second category of phenomena.

Third, there are very concealed phenomena, which cannot be known by either of the two preceding methods. They can be known only by relying upon testimony of someone such as the Buddha."

• To combat this problem, NASA scientists spent a decade and $12 billion developing a pen that writes in zero gravity, upside down, underwater, on almost any surface including glass and at temperatures ranging from below freezing to over 300 C.

file update: 20-May-2013

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